最近做了一個(gè)在線組卷的項(xiàng)目。主要功能實(shí)現(xiàn)word排版、預(yù)覽，生成試卷。剛開始涉及到word操作一心想到的就是 office COM組件來(lái)操作word 。大概兩周時(shí)間就寫好整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的代碼。然后就開始反復(fù)測(cè)試，本地感覺良好，能夠順利生成一份word試卷，并且性能還行。于是迫不及待的發(fā)布到了服務(wù)器。
下面說(shuō)說(shuō)發(fā)布遇到的一些情況，首先一個(gè)就是遇到索 COM 類工廠中 CLSID 為 {000209FF-0000-0000-C000-000000000046} 的組件失敗，原因是出現(xiàn)以下錯(cuò)誤: 8000401a 因?yàn)榕渲脴?biāo)識(shí)不正確，系統(tǒng)無(wú)法開始服務(wù)器進(jìn)程。請(qǐng)檢查用戶名和密碼。 (異常來(lái)自 HRESULT:0x8000401A)。
首先這中問(wèn)題全都是權(quán)限所導(dǎo)致，解決的辦法只要配置權(quán)限就可以了。不光對(duì)excel和word有用，對(duì)所有的office產(chǎn)品都有效果。
進(jìn)入正題，首先，在運(yùn)行中輸入dcomcnfg打開組件服務(wù)管理器->組件服務(wù)->我的電腦->DCOM->找到對(duì)應(yīng)的Microsoft excel applicotion/Microsoft word 97-2003文檔，然后右鍵屬性激活啟動(dòng)權(quán)限都給足夠了就ok了。 --------沒問(wèn)題這個(gè)問(wèn)題解決了。
下面再說(shuō)說(shuō)第二個(gè)情況》性能問(wèn)題：由于我們?cè)撓到y(tǒng)是我們網(wǎng)站下一個(gè)子系統(tǒng)。所以有一定的用戶基礎(chǔ)。該系統(tǒng)一上線就有大量的用戶訪問(wèn)。剛開始一天組卷四五百份，慢慢的組卷量越來(lái)越大，這是系統(tǒng)就開始出問(wèn)題了。首先一個(gè)就是在進(jìn)程里面出現(xiàn)了很多 winWord.exe進(jìn)程。不能結(jié)束掉。雖然系統(tǒng)代碼里面Quit進(jìn)程，并且對(duì)資源也進(jìn)行了回收，但是問(wèn)題始終得不到解決。大量winword.exe進(jìn)程的后果就是服務(wù)器變慢了。應(yīng)為該組件辦本身就特別耗內(nèi)存。
沒辦法問(wèn)題要解決呀。最后的無(wú)賴之舉就是KIll 寫了一個(gè)定時(shí)服務(wù)，定時(shí)Kill掉沒有運(yùn)行的winword進(jìn)程。這樣做治標(biāo)不治本的。、
這里要說(shuō)一下微軟Office是主要針對(duì)普通用戶開發(fā)的桌面辦公應(yīng)用軟件，它具有豐富的UI（用戶界面）元素，是一套純粹的本地運(yùn)行軟件或者說(shuō)是客戶端軟件。Word自動(dòng)化接口主要是為了方便窗口應(yīng)用程序調(diào)用而設(shè)計(jì)的。例如Delphi、VB、C# Winform等開發(fā)的本地應(yīng)用程序。雖然可以強(qiáng)制Visible為false，Word可以運(yùn)行在服務(wù)器端代碼里，但畢竟還是會(huì)帶來(lái)許多棘手問(wèn)題。
1. ASP.NET是基于B/S架構(gòu)的。B/S架構(gòu)下用戶訪問(wèn)都是并發(fā)的，也就是說(shuō)經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)同時(shí)N個(gè)用戶對(duì)一個(gè)服務(wù)器頁(yè)面發(fā)出請(qǐng)求。在這種情況下Word自動(dòng)化調(diào)用會(huì)時(shí)常出現(xiàn)死進(jìn)程。
2. 由于隱藏界面運(yùn)行，一些涉及界面的可以在窗口程序里成功調(diào)用的接口，在服務(wù)器端調(diào)用就會(huì)失敗，甚至崩潰，這種情況也會(huì)經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致死進(jìn)程。
3. 由于Word是復(fù)雜的桌面程序，并不符合一般Web服務(wù)程序簡(jiǎn)潔高效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以在服務(wù)器端運(yùn)行時(shí)速度慢，并且還會(huì)消耗大量資源(CPU、內(nèi)存)，尤其不能支持大量用戶同時(shí)訪問(wèn)，資源會(huì)很快耗盡。
4. 絕大部分開發(fā)者對(duì)COM技術(shù)比較陌生，在編程調(diào)用Word接口時(shí)經(jīng)常存在一些代碼錯(cuò)誤，而又很難檢查到問(wèn)題所在，這又是導(dǎo)致死進(jìn)程的經(jīng)常因素。Word死進(jìn)程不僅會(huì)消耗服務(wù)器資源，還經(jīng)常會(huì)導(dǎo)致服務(wù)器頁(yè)面不能創(chuàng)建新的Word自動(dòng)化對(duì)象而無(wú)法繼續(xù)工作。有網(wǎng)友提出死進(jìn)程解決方法：編程Kill掉Word死進(jìn)程，這樣是治標(biāo)不治本的做法，Word死進(jìn)程是不在了，可是Word非正常關(guān)閉會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多資源無(wú)法及時(shí)釋放。這樣的Web服務(wù)器能持續(xù)工作多久恐怕就很難說(shuō)了。
為了解決這些問(wèn)題，筆者經(jīng)過(guò)全面研究比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)aspose.words完全消除了以上問(wèn)題，推薦給大家分享。
好消息！來(lái)慧都 買正版,慧都控件網(wǎng)2014年終大促于11月正式開始啦!現(xiàn)在購(gòu)買aspose.words黃金版白金版享受8折優(yōu)惠,還在等什么？
下面我把aspose.words組件的一些操作代碼分享給大家希望對(duì)需要的人有所幫助:
private DocumentBuilder oWordApplic; // a reference to Word application
private Aspose.Words.Document oDoc; // a reference to the document
public void OpenWithTemplate(string strFileName)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(strFileName))
{
oDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(strFileName);
}
}
public void Open()
{
oDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document();
}
public void Builder()
{
oWordApplic = new DocumentBuilder(oDoc);
}
/// <summary>
/// 保存文件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strFileName"></param>
public void SaveAs(string strFileName)
{
if (this.Docversion == 2007)
{
oDoc.Save(strFileName,SaveFormat.Docx);
}else
{
oDoc.Save(strFileName,SaveFormat.Doc);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加內(nèi)容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strText"></param>
public void InsertText(string strText, double conSize, bool conBold, string conAlign)
{
oWordApplic.Bold = conBold;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = conSize;
switch (conAlign)
{
case "left":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
case "center":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
break;
case "right":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Right;
break;
default:
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
}
oWordApplic.Writeln(strText);
}
/// <summary>
/// 添加內(nèi)容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="strText"></param>
public void WriteText(string strText, double conSize, bool conBold, string conAlign)
{
oWordApplic.Bold = conBold;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = conSize;
switch (conAlign)
{
case "left":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
case "center":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
break;
case "right":
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Right;
break;
default:
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
break;
}
oWordApplic.Write(strText);
}
#region 設(shè)置紙張
public void setPaperSize(string papersize)
{
switch (papersize)
{
case "A4":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
section.PageSetup.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.PageVerticalAlignment.Top;
}
break;
case "A4H"://A4橫向
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A4;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween =true;
//section.PageSetup.LeftMargin = double.Parse("3.35");
//section.PageSetup.RightMargin =double.Parse("0.99");
}
break;
case "A3":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A3;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
}
break;
case "A3H"://A3橫向
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.A3;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween = true;
}
break;
case "16K":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PaperSize = PaperSize.B5;
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Portrait;
}
break;
case "8KH":
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section section in oDoc)
{
section.PageSetup.PageWidth = double.Parse("36.4 ");//紙張寬度
section.PageSetup.PageHeight = double.Parse("25.7");//紙張高度
section.PageSetup.Orientation = Orientation.Landscape;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.SetCount(2);
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.EvenlySpaced = true;
section.PageSetup.TextColumns.LineBetween = true;
//section.PageSetup.LeftMargin = double.Parse("3.35");
//section.PageSetup.RightMargin = double.Parse("0.99");
}
break;
}
}
#endregion
public void SetHeade(string strBookmarkName, string text)
{
if (oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName] != null)
{
Aspose.Words.Bookmark mark = oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName];
mark.Text = text;
}
}
public void InsertFile(string vfilename)
{
Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(vfilename);
Node insertAfterNode = oWordApplic.CurrentParagraph.PreviousSibling;
InsertDocument(insertAfterNode, oDoc, srcDoc);
}
public void InsertFile(string vfilename, string strBookmarkName,int pNum)
{
//Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc = new Aspose.Words.Document(vfilename);
//Aspose.Words.Bookmark bookmark = oDoc.Range.Bookmarks[strBookmarkName];
//InsertDocument(bookmark.BookmarkStart.ParentNode, srcDoc);
//替換插入word內(nèi)容
oWordApplic.Document.Range.Replace(new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(strBookmarkName),
new InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler(vfilename, pNum), false);
}
/// <summary>
/// 插入word內(nèi)容
/// </summary>
/// <param name="insertAfterNode"></param>
/// <param name="mainDoc"></param>
/// <param name="srcDoc"></param>
public static void InsertDocument(Node insertAfterNode, Aspose.Words.Document mainDoc, Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc)
{
// Make sure that the node is either a pargraph or table.
if ((insertAfterNode.NodeType != NodeType.Paragraph)
& (insertAfterNode.NodeType != NodeType.Table))
throw new Exception("The destination node should be either a paragraph or table.");
//We will be inserting into the parent of the destination paragraph.
CompositeNode dstStory = insertAfterNode.ParentNode;
//Remove empty paragraphs from the end of document
while (null != srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph && !srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph.HasChildNodes)
{
srcDoc.LastSection.Body.LastParagraph.Remove();
}
NodeImporter importer = new NodeImporter(srcDoc, mainDoc, ImportFormatMode.KeepSourceFormatting);
//Loop through all sections in the source document.
int sectCount = srcDoc.Sections.Count;
for (int sectIndex = 0; sectIndex < sectCount; sectIndex++)
{
Aspose.Words.Section srcSection = srcDoc.Sections[sectIndex];
//Loop through all block level nodes (paragraphs and tables) in the body of the section.
int nodeCount = srcSection.Body.ChildNodes.Count;
for (int nodeIndex = 0; nodeIndex < nodeCount; nodeIndex++)
{
Node srcNode = srcSection.Body.ChildNodes[nodeIndex];
Node newNode = importer.ImportNode(srcNode, true);
dstStory.InsertAfter(newNode, insertAfterNode);
insertAfterNode = newNode;
}
}
}
static void InsertDocument(Node insertAfterNode, Aspose.Words.Document srcDoc)
{
// Make sure that the node is either a paragraph or table.
if ((!insertAfterNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Paragraph)) &
(!insertAfterNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Table)))
throw new ArgumentException("The destination node should be either a paragraph or table.");
// We will be inserting into the parent of the destination paragraph.
CompositeNode dstStory = insertAfterNode.ParentNode;
// This object will be translating styles and lists during the import.
NodeImporter importer = new NodeImporter(srcDoc, insertAfterNode.Document, ImportFormatMode.KeepSourceFormatting);
// Loop through all sections in the source document.
foreach (Aspose.Words.Section srcSection in srcDoc.Sections)
{
// Loop through all block level nodes (paragraphs and tables) in the body of the section.
foreach (Node srcNode in srcSection.Body)
{
// Let's skip the node if it is a last empty paragraph in a section.
if (srcNode.NodeType.Equals(NodeType.Paragraph))
{
Aspose.Words.Paragraph para = (Aspose.Words.Paragraph)srcNode;
if (para.IsEndOfSection && !para.HasChildNodes)
continue;
}
// This creates a clone of the node, suitable for insertion into the destination document.
Node newNode = importer.ImportNode(srcNode, true);
// Insert new node after the reference node.
dstStory.InsertAfter(newNode, insertAfterNode);
insertAfterNode = newNode;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 換行
/// </summary>
public void InsertLineBreak()
{
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.LineBreak);
}
/// <summary>
/// 換多行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="nline"></param>
public void InsertLineBreak(int nline)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nline; i++)
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.LineBreak);
}
#region InsertScoreTable
public bool InsertScoreTable(bool dishand, bool distab, string handText)
{
try
{
oWordApplic.StartTable();//開始畫Table
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
//添加Word表格
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 115.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(115);
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.None;
oWordApplic.StartTable();//開始畫Table
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 20.2;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Bold = false;
oWordApplic.Write("評(píng)卷人");
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對(duì)齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 20.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Bold = false;
oWordApplic.Write("得分");
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對(duì)齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 25.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 25.0;
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.EndTable();
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 300.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.Auto;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.None;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對(duì)齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Left;
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 11;
oWordApplic.Bold = true;
oWordApplic.Write(handText);
oWordApplic.EndRow();
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height = 28;
oWordApplic.EndTable();
return true;
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
#endregion
#region 插入表格
public bool InsertTable(System.Data.DataTable dt, bool haveBorder)
{
Aspose.Words.Tables.Table table= oWordApplic.StartTable();//開始畫Table
ParagraphAlignment paragraphAlignmentValue = oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment;
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;
//添加Word表格
for (int row = 0; row < dt.Rows.Count; row++)
{
oWordApplic.RowFormat.Height =25;
for (int col = 0; col < dt.Columns.Count; col++)
{
oWordApplic.InsertCell();
oWordApplic.Font.Size = 10.5;
oWordApplic.Font.Name = "宋體";
oWordApplic.CellFormat.VerticalAlignment = Aspose.Words.Tables.CellVerticalAlignment.Center;//垂直居中對(duì)齊
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = ParagraphAlignment.Center;//水平居中對(duì)齊
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Width = 50.0;
oWordApplic.CellFormat.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.FromPoints(50);
if (haveBorder == true)
{
//設(shè)置外框樣式
oWordApplic.CellFormat.Borders.LineStyle = LineStyle.Single;
//樣式設(shè)置結(jié)束
}
oWordApplic.Write(dt.Rows[row][col].ToString());
}
oWordApplic.EndRow();
}
oWordApplic.EndTable();
oWordApplic.ParagraphFormat.Alignment = paragraphAlignmentValue;
table.Alignment=Aspose.Words.Tables.TableAlignment.Center;
table.PreferredWidth = Aspose.Words.Tables.PreferredWidth.Auto;
return true;
}
#endregion
public void InsertPagebreak( )
{
oWordApplic.InsertBreak(BreakType.PageBreak);
}
public void InsertBookMark(string BookMark)
{
oWordApplic.StartBookmark(BookMark);
oWordApplic.EndBookmark(BookMark);
}
public void GotoBookMark(string strBookMarkName)
{
oWordApplic.MoveToBookmark(strBookMarkName);
}
public void ClearBookMark()
{
oDoc.Range.Bookmarks.Clear();
}
public void ReplaceText(string oleText, string newText)
{
//System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex reg = new System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex(oleText);
oDoc.Range.Replace(oleText, newText, false,false);
}
private class InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler : IReplacingCallback
{
private string vfilename;
private int pNum;
public InsertDocumentAtReplaceHandler(string filename, int _pNum)
{
this.vfilename = filename;
this.pNum = _pNum;
}
ReplaceAction IReplacingCallback.Replacing(ReplacingArgs e)
{
Document subDoc = new Document(this.vfilename);
subDoc.FirstSection.Body.FirstParagraph.InsertAfter(new Run(subDoc, this.pNum + "."), null);
// Insert a document after the paragraph, containing the match text.
Node currentNode = e.MatchNode;
Paragraph para = (Paragraph)e.MatchNode.ParentNode;
InsertDocument(para, subDoc);
// Remove the paragraph with the match text.
e.MatchNode.Remove();
e.MatchNode.Range.Delete();
return ReplaceAction.Skip;
}
}
}
}
最后來(lái)看看生成的word試卷效果:
來(lái)源：CSDN
標(biāo)簽：
本站文章除注明轉(zhuǎn)載外，均為本站原創(chuàng)或翻譯。歡迎任何形式的轉(zhuǎn)載，但請(qǐng)務(wù)必注明出處、不得修改原文相關(guān)鏈接，如果存在內(nèi)容上的異議請(qǐng)郵件反饋至chenjj@ke049m.cn
文章轉(zhuǎn)載自：慧都控件網(wǎng)
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